事件记录
Dr. 琼斯: 计划怀孕. Act pregnant before you get pregnant. 准备培养箱. These are all things we tell women to do before they get pregnant to have a healthy baby, 但是男生呢? 这是博士. Kirtly Jones from obstetrics and gynecology at University of Utah Health and we're talking about men, 精子, and the babies they make on 范围.
播音员: Covering all aspects of women's health. This is the Seven Domains of Women's Health with Dr. Kirtly Jones在Scope上报道.
在过去的20年里, we've been learning about changes to genes that happen 非常早期的 in development, 非常早期的. As early as the first week after fertilization of the human egg. Before a woman even knows that she's pregnant, the environment that the developing embryo sees turns genes on, 或关闭, or modifies the way they work. This continues through pregnancy and early childhood development and it's a process that's called 表观遗传. It means that the genes of the developing baby and child are not changed in their basic DNA, 但是基因工作的方式.
How they are transcribed to make proteins, that's how they're working, and that's changed. But we always thought that men just provided genetic material with 精子. A 精子 was a 精子, and all it did was deliver a man's DNA to the egg. 现在, in research that has been building up over the past several years, we are beginning to see the genes encoded in 精子 can be modified by the environment in which they were developing, 意义, 在这个家伙身上. And those modifications may affect the developing child.
基因修改
让大发娱乐从老鼠开始. 2013年，在 神经科学杂志， researchers reported that stressed mouse dads had changes in their 精子 and their offspring had abnormal stress responses when compared to offspring of non-stressed mouse dads. It takes about 42 days to make a mouse 精子. During that time, the researchers exposed the mouse dads to be in one stressful thing each day. 狐狸的气味, 湿的床上用品, restriction in a tube for 15 minutes, 新的声音, 那种有压力的事情. The 精子 from the stressed mouse dads had the same DNA as the non-stressed dads, but the way the DNA was processed was different. And the mouse babies had abnormal stress responses as adult mice.
Well, what about human dads-to-be? The cord blood of babies of obese men was studied and they had changes in the way one of the genes that controls growth and calorie use was regulated. These changes were seen less in babies of normal weight men. These changes are associated with a tendency toward obesity in adulthood. 现在, 这是最酷的部分, this year researchers published a study of the 精子 of obese men before and after they had weight loss surgery. They found different 表观遗传 patterns in the 精子 in the men before they lost weight, compared to after they lost weight. Losing weight made a difference in the 表观遗传 programming of the 精子.
所以大发娱乐认为大发娱乐知道什么? We know that we don't know about how large the effect of stress and obesity in a dad is on the baby and growing child and adult. We do know that there's evidence that a man's environment and behavior can change his 精子, and in the case of the mouse dad, not for the good of the mouse baby.
男性怀孕小贴士
那么大发娱乐该怎么做呢? We should tell men that are thinking of making a baby the same things we tell women. 清理你的行为, 吃得好, 保持健康的体重, try to manage your stress and response to stress. Consider yourself an equal partner in the health of your future child, literally. It takes 90 days to make a 精子 so let's get cracking, 提前计划, 反正对你有好处, and thanks for joining us on 范围.
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更新日期：2018年5月8日
originally published: January 12, 2016